Section IV

Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a chemical that is released into the air as a pungent gas. It is used as a preservative and in some adhesives. It is also used in the building and furnishing industries. Some textiles also use formaldehyde as an anti-wrinkle agent.

Causes

Potential sources of formaldehyde include:
  • particle board (Some particle board is made with reduced formaldehyde.)
  • adhesives
  • interior plywood
  • veneered or laminated furniture and cabinets
  • professionally applied furniture and floor finishes
  • paneling
  • permanent press fabrics
  • combustion products
  • some cosmetics
You may be able to detect formaldehyde by its odor. Some environmental testing firms may be able to test for formaldehyde levels.

Symptoms

Formaldehyde is a strong irritant. It can cause:
  • watery eyes
  • burning sensations in eyes, nose and throat
  • wheezing and coughing
  • fatigue
  • skin rashes
  • headaches
  • loss of coordination
  • nausea
Large doses may damage the liver, kidneys and central nervous system. Asthmatics are highly sensitive to formaldehyde concentrations and may experience symptoms as well.

Solutions

To reduce problems caused by formaldehyde:
  • Use plastic laminates and coatings to block formaldehyde.
  • Apply coatings such as varnishes and special formaldehyde sealers.
  • Increase ventilation, especially with new sources of formaldehyde.
  • Select low formaldehyde materials for remodeling.
  • Check product labels and use adhesives with low or no formaldehyde.
  • Ask for distributors to "outgas" or leave the products out to air before they are installed.

High humidity and elevated temperatures cause formaldehyde release. Control humidity through air conditioning and dehumidifiers. Some sources suggest leaving the product open or unrolled to "outgas" outside the structure first. Others suggest after installation, increase the humidity and temperature to encourage "outgasing" and then leave the structure for several days.

Now that you've learned about Formaldehyde, try to find the potential sources in the picture below.

Glossary

Formaldehyde- A colorless, strong-smelling gas widely used in household products, such as glues, wood products, permanent press fabrics, flooring, cabinets and furniture.

Humidity- The amount of water vapor in the air.